Zener Diode characteristics: VI characteristics of Zener Diode. The regulation could be increased with a factor of 10 by replacing the normal zener with a special low dynamic zener diode such as a 1N1589). PS: How are you? Thank you friend, appreciate your feedback! This document is highly rated by JEE students and has been viewed 162 times. Zener diode has the property of behaving like a dc battery in ‘on’ state (i.e. A characteristic zener diode for general purpose electronic circuits has the power rating of 500mW, BZX55 zener diode series or the larger 1.3W, BZX85 zener series are … Reverse Characteristics. As a result Zener diodes are often used for getting a constant voltage drop, or reference voltage, with their internal resistance. You must also design a circuit that demonstrates the operation of a 7 V ± 5% loaded Zener regulator powered by a 12 V DC voltage source. Experiment No: 2 ZENER DIODE CHARACTERISTICS AIM: 1. 3 Basic Capacitor Functioning and Working Explored, How to Configure Resistors, Capacitors and Transistors in Electronic Circuits, IRF540N MOSFET Pinout, Datasheet, Application Explained, Half-Bridge Mosfet Driver IC IRS2153(1)D Datasheet, https://www.homemade-circuits.com/category/electronic-devices-and-circuit-theory/page/4/, Small Signal Transistor(BJT) and Diode Quick Datasheet. ZENER DIODE CHARACTERISTICS . ELE 213 - Electronics Page 1 of 5 Lab #2 Experiment procedure A. Bridge Rectifier Circuit 1. Here we go with the Zener Diode Characteristics Experiment Using Multisim Software Resistor value (ohms) = (V1 – V2) / (Zener current + load current) The Zener diode produces a stable reference voltage across the load which fulfills the criteria of regulator requirement. Another use of diodes, especially zener diodes, is as a limiter. Figure 4 shows a case in which reverse-bias breakdown of zener diodes limit the voltage swing across the load resistor. Zener diodes are designed in many wattage ratings and with voltage ratings which range from 2.7 Volts to 200 Volts. Zener diodes also work by rectifying AC into pulsating DC quite like their traditional alternatives. The zener voltage ratings of the individual zener diodes should be best chosen for most of the applications. Since the current in Rs will be higher than the current entering the load, an amount of current will continue to go through the Zener enabling a perfectly constant voltage across the Zener and the load. A zener diode when forward biased behaves like an ordinary P-N junction diode. 3. And at this low resistance value, an effective constant voltage is held across the Zeners, and this constant voltage can be expected to retain regardless of any change in the source current. Zener diodes are heavily doped than ordinary diodes. We should select a Zener diode with a breakdown voltage approximately equal to the voltage we need across the device. VDC +2 . This type of shunt transistor zener regulator can be used for experimental purposes because the circuit features a 100% short circuit proof facility. First, we will plot the curve in reverse biased mode. As we increase the reverse voltage, initially a small reverse saturation current Io. Experiment No: 1 Diode Characteristics Objective: To study and verify the functionality of a) ... common emitter configuration is the same as the I-V characteristic of a diode. We are going to learn about an experiment to find out the Zener breakdown voltage and draw the characteristics of Zener diode. The circuit diagram is presented below: The operation is actually very simple, the supply Vin which is acquired from a transformer bridge network varies proportionately depending on the input AC variations. This was conducted as an introductory to Electronics laboratory and in line with some topics in lecture classes. Circuit Theory (EE112) Uploaded by. Very impressive ripple filtering can be obtained by connecting a Zener diode across the load, with any DC source. The voltmeter reading is the Zener breakdown voltage. 20 . Measure the value of VL and VR. rectified DC voltage, and Zener voltage, calculate the minimum value of R s required to protected the Zener diode under the condition when the load is an open circuit (this is the worst case condition). Your email address will not be published. This adjustment in the resistance of the transistor results in an automatic correction of the output current to the desired level. Record the measured value of each resistor. 3 Theory of experiment The diode is a device formed from a junction of n-type and p-type semiconductor material. A few AC applications of zener diodes include audio, RF circuits, and other forms of AC control systems. To draw the voltage-current (V-I) characteristic curves of a Zener diode and to determine its knee voltage, forward resistance and reverse breakdown voltage. EXPERIMENT: DIODE & ZENER DIODE Objective:- To study the forward and reverse bias characteristics of diode and zener diode. We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. In general, the cathode of a diode is marked by a solid line on the diode.The The values of the resistors can be 10 ohms or 20 ohms depending on the resistance value of the relay coil. These are devices that are able to create a practically constant voltage across them regardless of variations in circuit and voltage situations. Zener diodes are designed in a way where the Zener voltage is a much lower value. Very useful for zener diode circuit explained thank you sir, sir 350 w,ir2153 ic smps power supply short circuit protection,how to add the circuit please sent circuit diagram sir, thank you. There are two ammeters here, one connected in series with the Zener diode and another one connected in series with the resistance 3.3k Ω. Let’s call the first one as A1 and the second one as A2. Your table should look something like the one shown above. VI characteristics of zener diode You zener may be faulty, or you may be checking it wrongly. when the voltage across the zener diode exceeds its zener voltage rating VZ) . Forward current can have a range from 200uA to 200A with the most common forward current being 10mA or 200mA. The forward characteristics of a Zener diode is shown in figure. As shown in the below example when an AC supply is used with a zener diode, the zener will instantly conduct as soon as the AC signal passes from zero towards the negative half of its cycle. ZENER DIODE experiment viva questions with answers characteristics Mcqs Interview Questions. Not Specified Not Specified The function of CR1 is to provide additional regulation of the input voltage and form the basis of the reference output. Last Updated on December 18, 2020 by Swagatam 11 Comments. The characteristics of a regular junction diode will show that it is designed primarily for operation in the forward direction. Instead of a straight line representing the cathode, the zener diode has a bent line that reminds you of the letter Z (for zener). Previous: Calculating Transistor as a Switch, Next: Fiber Optic Circuit – Transmitter and Receiver. Thank you very much for the invitation :). For the experiment, we will follow the below circuit diagram. Because of technological limitations, the "ceramic" capacitors that you have been using up to now do not have sufficiently high capacitance to be used in this application. This sudden and sharp increase in zener current is called as zener breakdown. Note down this voltage separately. Zener diodes are a special type of semiconductor diode– devices that allow current to flow in one direction only –that also allow current to flow in the opposite direction, but only when exposed to enough voltage. Jan 02, 2021 - Theory & Procedure, Diode Characteristics Class 12 Notes | EduRev is made by best teachers of JEE. Apparatus:-Experimental kit and patch cords. Apparatus A Zener diode (with small reverse breakdown voltage of about 6 volts), [i.e., V z = 6 V], a ten volt battery, a high resistance rheostat, two 0-10 V voltmeter, one 0-100 mA ammeter, one 20 Ω. resistance, one way key, connecting wires. Construct the circuit. In case you want the above circuit to provide a variable voltage regulated output, it could be easily achieved by using a 1K potentiometer across the Zener diode. Zener diodes not only stabilize long-term voltage fluctuations, but also short-term fluctuations as they are caused by the residual ripple of a rectified, pre-smoothed AC voltage. When this specific critical voltage is surpassed, the active resistance of Zener diode falls to an extremely low level. The list of the componentsof equipment required to perform this experiment mainly include Zener diode, Milliammeter, Voltmeter, and DC supply(variable), and Resistors 1. Do the same experiment by connecting the Zener diode in the forward bias. Theory: -A Semiconductor diode is prepared by joining P and N sections of a semi conducting material like germanium or silicon. The voltage at this value is the Zener breakdown voltage. Plot the reverse characteristic curve by taking reverse voltage along –ve X-axis and reverse current along –ve Y-axis. General values for working zener knee voltage are 5.1 V, 6.2 V, 15 V and so on. The resistor R1, in the above basic regulator design, symbolizes the preferred load that may be connected with the zener. We are going to learn about an experiment to find out the Zener breakdown voltage and draw the characteristics of Zener diode. Excellent regulation could be achieved from the above design using a 1k series resistor. (However mostly , Zener diodes with values far above 30 Volts are hardly ever used.) The V-I characteristic of Zener diode indicates that characteristic of Zener diode in forward bias is same as PN junction diode. R1 in this connection will draw certain amount of current which was moving through the Zener. A quick way to counter this problem may be to add low values series resistors with each zener diodes as shown below, which will allow each zener diode to share the current uniformly through compensating voltage drops generated by the resistors R1 and R2: Although, the power handling capacity can be increased by connecting Zener diodes in parallel, a much improved approach may be to add a shunt BJT in conjunction with a zener diode configured as a reference source. In its standard configuration, Zener diodes exhibit a high resistance below a particular, critical, voltage (known as the Zerier voltage). Theory:-A Semiconductor diode is prepared by joining P and N sections of a semi conducting … I am also the founder of the website: https://www.homemade-circuits.com/, where I love sharing my innovative circuit ideas and tutorials. Due to its extremely low dynamic impedance, zener diodes are able to work like ripple filter quite the same way as filter capacitor do. Theoretical Background: A zener diode is a special kind of diode which allows current to flow in the forward direction in the same manner as an ideal diode, but will also permit it to flow in the reverse direction when the voltage is above a certain value known as the breakdown voltage, "zener knee voltage" or "zener voltage." Record your data in table and plot your results for the corresponding zener current on the graph You should notice that as the voltage drop approaches the diode's breakdown voltage, the diode's current increases rapidly, while at the same time the voltage stays nearly constant. Why should we do this experiment? It is the highest amount of current that may pass through the Zener diode in the absence of the load R1. I’ll really appreciate it if u help me please. Zener Diode Characteristics - Zener regulator Prelab: You are tasked to determine experimentally the characteristic curve of a reverse-biased Zener diode. As the voltage rises into e reverse direction, initially very little current flows. That implies, if suppose the 220 V corresponds to 12 V from the transformer, then 180 V should correspond to 9.81 V and so on. The experiment is fairly simple to perform. Remember, while using zener with an AC input, makes sure that Rs is calculated as per the AC peak voltage. I am from France . Zener effect dominates at reverse voltages less than 5 volt whereas avalanche effect dominates above 5 V. To draw the characteristic curve of a Zener diode and to determine its reverse breakdown voltage. The Zener diode is rated at 400 mW, and the minimum Zener current is 5mA. Different Zener diodes have a different breakdown voltage. mA . VOLTAGE-CURRENT CHARACTERISTICS OF A ZENER DIODE . This can be suppressed by adding a capacitor in parallel with the zener diode, as shown below: The value of the capacitor can be between 0.01uF and 0.1uF, which will allow noise suppression by a factor of 10, and will maintain the best possible voltage stabilization. chung chinngee. 40 mA). Application of diodes is broad. Lab #2 Bridge Rectifier Circuit and Voltage Stabilization with Zener Objective • Measure the properties of a bridge rectifier with the oscilloscope and the multimeter. We will build the zener diode circuit and zener diode circuit with load from Figure 5.1 (See Appendix) and Figure 5.2 (See Appendix) in lab and will observe and record the experimental values. The voltage at this value is the Zener breakdown voltage. Do not exceed a zener current of its rated value (approx. AIM. For such cases an array of zener diodes can be created which may then be used for getting a desired customized zener diode value, as shown below: In this example, many customized, non standard zener values could be acquired across the various terminals, as described in the following list: You can use other values in the indicated positions to get many other customized sets of zener diode output. Keep increasing the reverse bias voltage further. Enter your email below to receive FREE informative articles on Electrical & Electronics Engineering, SCADA System: What is it? Practically , you may find the voltage across the zener increasing slightly because of the dynamic resistance of the Zener. The experiment is continued till the milliammeter shows a large deflection while the voltmeter reading remains a constant, indicating the break down voltage. Fig 2:Zener diode characteristic curve The forward bias region of a Zener diode is identical to that of a regular diode. Apparatus A Zener diode (with small reverse breakdown voltage of about 6 volts), [i.e., V z = 6 V], a ten volt battery, a high resistance rheostat, two 0-10 V voltmeter, one 0-100 mA ammeter, one 20 Ω. resistance, one way key, connecting wires. The breakdown region voltage of a Zener diode is set by carefully controlling the doping level during manufacture. It is almost identical to the forward characteristics of a P-N junction diode. The Zener diode mainly operates in reverse biased condition. As the voltage rises into e reverse direction, initially very little current flows. Then draw the graph corresponding to these values. In the reverse bias condition the Zener diode is an open circuit and only a small leakage current is flowing as shown on the exaggerated plot. Please see the following example schematic for the same. Here, sequentially incrementing zener diodes are installed in series with a group of relays along with individual low value series resistors. When power is switched ON, the zener diodes conduct one after the other in sequence in an increasing order of their zener values. To find Zener Breakdown Voltage in reverse biased condition. Electrical4U is dedicated to the teaching and sharing of all things related to electrical and electronics engineering. This allows a variable reference voltage to be adjusted at the base of the series transistor. Externally, you may find zener diodes a lot similar to standard diodes such as 1N4148. Zener voltage is the basic voltage that is set as the cut-off value, and the breakdown value of the voltage must be lying close to the desired value that we want it is just approximated. Voltage (V. 3) Temperature Coefficient Zener Impedance (R2 . Forward Characteristics of Zener Diode. The graph of voltage vs current of a diode is called its characteristic. When the AC signal crosses the zener voltage, the zener conducts and stabilizes the output to a 4.7 V level, until the AC cycle drops back to zero. Ohms (!'fax. ) Therefore, if 180 V is assumed to be the low voltage cut off threshold, then selecting the zener diode as a 10 V device will cut off the relay operation whenever the input AC drops below 180 V. I am an electronic engineer (dipIETE ), hobbyist, inventor, schematic/PCB designer, manufacturer. By joining a correctly rated Zener diode across the load, a fuse which is suitably rated to handle the intended load current for extended periods can be employed. A simple Zener-regulated constant current supply can be designed through a single transistor as a variable series resistor. Name sanaullah sadique Rg no 18abelt0824 EXPERIMENT # 02 Volt-Ampere Characteristics of Zener Diode and Zener Voltage regulator characteristics Objective: 1. 3. Although at higher voltages the coefficient curve responds at around 0.1% per degree Celsius, it moves through zero at 5 V and then turns negative for the lower voltage levels. To construct a zener voltage regulator and experimentally determine the range over which the zener maintains a constant output voltage. The doping characteristics of diode and zener diode are also different from each other. Once the values are found it should be plotted as characteristics curve. The zener diode is sharply doped while the conventional diode is moderately doped. We should select a Zener diode with a breakdown voltage approximately equal to the voltage we need across the device. The most common values for nominal working voltage are 5.1 V, 5.6 V, 6.2 V, 12 V … They have extra thin depletion region. ... For higher values of Zener voltage, TC is positive d) All of the mentioned. Below you can see the characteristic. Here, the voltage must be same as the ripple trough level. Unlike ordinary PN junction diode, the reverse current in Zener diode is measured using milli-ammeter due to the large flow of current. The accuracy of the current control in this design will be around +/- 10% in response to an output conditions that may range between a short circuit and a loading of up to 400 Ohm. For even better results, a series pass transistor type of regulator as shown below looks a better option and preferable. While doing so, keep noting down the ammeter reading and the voltmeter reading. The above diagram shows the V-I characteristics of the Zener diode. In case the current deviates from its original range, it creates a proportionate change in the biasing level of R3, which in turn causes the series transistor resistance to increase or decrease proportionately. Eventually it reaches -0.04% per degree Celsius at around 3.5 V. One good use of the Zener diode's sensitivity to temperature change is to apply the device as a temperature sensor device as shown in the following diagram. At the end of the experiment, the student will be able to Explain the function of a Zener diode; Explain Zener Diode as Voltage Regulator; Zener Diode. Characteristics of the Diode Lesson 2. The Zener diode is a unique device which exploits a property of diodes that is generally avoided in standard diode applications. However, this modification may result in a lower regulation efficiency due to some shunting effect created by the potentiometer. Note down the voltmeter reading at this point. Consequently the transistor works like a series component and enables effective control of the supply voltage variations. • Examine the stabilizing effect of a Zener diode on a DC voltage with pronounced ripple. This cycle repeats rapidly which ultimately results in stabilizing the output to exactly at a constant zener voltage value. Course. Different Zener diodes have a different breakdown voltage. The main aim of this experiment lies in to find out the basic value of the Zener voltage. As indicated in the basic regulator design the required output voltage which is the equivalent Zener voltage Vz = 4.7 Volts, and the selected, The series resistor Rs must allow the minimum amount of current 10.1 mA even when the input supply is a the lowest specified level, which is 1.5 V higher than the selected zener value Vz, and may be calculated using Ohms law as: Rs = 1.5 / 10.1 x 10, If the supply voltage rises to 12 V, the voltage drop across Rs will be Iz x Rs, where Iz = current through the zener. A zener diode Conducts excellently even in reverse biased condition. Designing a basic zener circuit is actually simple and can be implemented through the following instructions: Along with voltage and load parameters, Zener diodes are also quite resistant to temperature variations around them. This property of zener diode makes its use as a voltage regulator. Once the reverse voltage reaches the Zener breakdown voltage, the voltage across the device remains constant at that level. shapely quest. The forward bias region of a Zener diode is identical to that of a regular diode. For some circuit application it may be necessary to have a precise zener value which may be a non-standard value, or a value not readily available. Due to their voltage sensitive characteristic, it is possible to combine Zener diodes with the current sensitive characteristic of fuses for safeguarding crucial circuit components from high voltage surges, and additionally eliminating the hassle of fuse from blowing frequently, which may happen especially when a fuse rating is very near to the operating current spec of the circuit. The procedure through which the change in Zener voltage is calculated is by multiplying the zener dynamic resistance with the change in Zener current. There is a controlled breakdown which does not damage the diode when a reverse current above the Zener voltage passes through a Zener diode. Therefore, applying Ohm's law we get Iz = 12 - 4.7 / 150 = 48.66 mA. To investigate basic power-supplies concepts such as rectification, filtering, and regulation. The entire load current now runs via this series transistor. This is typically 0.6 volts for silicon diodes - virtually all Zener diodes are silicon diodes. Note down the value at which the current increases rapidly when in reverse biased mode. Typical diodes have a very high reverse breakdown voltage, the voltage at which the diode begins to conduct in the reverse direction. A Zener diode is a special type of diode designed to reliably allow current to flow "backwards" when a certain set reverse voltage, known as the Zener voltage, is reached.. Zener diodes are manufactured with a great variety of Zener voltages and some are even variable. Hence we can use Zener diode for voltage regulation. Note down the current and voltage reading. Zener diodes - named after its inventor Dr. Carl Zener are fundamentally used in electronic circuits for generating precise voltage references. A standard 10 V Zener may have a temperature coefficient of +0.07%/ °C which may correspond to 7 mV/ °C variation in temperature. A Zener diode not only allows current to flow from anode to cathode but also, in the reverse direction on reaching the Zener voltage. This is because just like any other semiconductor device, zeners also never come with exactly identical characteristics, therefore one of the zeners may conduct before the other drawing the entire current through itself, eventually getting destroyed. The break down voltage Vz is obtained from the graph as shown below. University. Zener Diode Code Identification: Zener Diodes have an additional letter which will appear after the numbers. The vi characteristics of a zener diode is shown in the below figure. The typical forward voltage at room temperature with a current of around 1 mA is around 0.6 volts. Distinctive material, useful read. Due to this the voltage drops below the zener voltage which switches OFF the zener, and the supply yet again tries to exceed the zener voltage, switching ON the zener yet again. The Zener diode allows current to flow in the forward direction in the same manner as an ideal diode. Zener diodes are operated in the reverse break down region where diode is reverse biased. However, the Zener Diode or Breakdown Diode, as they are sometimes referred too, are basically the same as the standard PN junction diode but they are specially designed to have a low and specified Reverse Breakdown Voltage which takes advantage of any reverse voltage applied to it. To draw the characteristic curve of a Zener diode and to determine its reverse breakdown voltage. The principle behind the diode is similar to a valve or a gate, which lets electricity flow only in one direction (Simple English Wikipedia, Diode). Zener Diode Definition Zener Diode Working Zener Diode Circuit Symbol VI Characteristics of Zener Diode Zener Diode Applications FAQs. The symbol for a zener diode is shown in Below Figure. (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition), Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs): Basics, Types & Applications, Diode: Definition, Symbol, and Types of Diodes, Thermistor: Definition, Uses & How They Work, Half Wave Rectifier Circuit Diagram & Working Principle, Lenz’s Law of Electromagnetic Induction: Definition & Formula. (D) Load Resistor . Zeners diodes are normally used with DC supplies, however these devices can be also designed to work with AC supplies. 3 Theory of experiment A Zener Diode is constructed for operation in the reverse breakdown re-gion.The relation between I-V is almost linear in this case V z = V z0 +I zr z, where r z is the dynamic resistance of the zener at the operating point.V z0 is the voltage at which the straight-line approximation of the I-V characteristic intersects the horizontal axis. When we apply a voltage more than the Zener breakdown voltage (can range from 1.2 volts to 200 volts), the depletion region vanishes, and large current starts to flow through the junction. (However mostly , Zener diodes with values far above 30 Volts are hardly ever used.). Zener diodes can be also applied as effective ripple voltage filters, just as it's used for AC voltage stabilization. Forward biasing will cause a large I F with a rather small value of V F.Reverse biasing will generally not cause current conduction until higher values … Populate the values in the table. In this situation, suppose the input voltage increases to an extent that exceeds the Zener breakdown voltage - will force the Zener diode to conduct. We are a participant in the Amazon Services LLC Associates Program, an affiliate advertising program designed to provide a means for us to earn fees by linking to Amazon.com and affiliated sites. Do check out – V-I characteristics of PN Junction Diode Because, the signal is negative therefore the AC will be shorted via the anode to cathode of the zener, causing 0 V to appear the output. But with normal zener-diodes only going down to 1.8V (like the MMSZ4678 or DDZ9678) you have to do something with the voltage to being able to compare with a zener-diode. A standard voltage regulator circuit, using a single resistor and a Zener diode, can be witnessed in the following image. Note down the ammeters and voltmeter readings at different values of reverse bias voltage. Hi friend ! Apparatus:-Experimental kit and patch cords. V-I Characteristics of Zener Diode Zener Diode is a reverse-biased heavily-doped PN junction diode which operates in the breakdown region. It is acting The Zener diode has a normal forward characteristic where the current rises after the initial turn-on voltage is reached. This current flows due to the thermally generated minority carriers. The closest standard power rating value to fulfill this is 400 mW. You will get the characteristic curve of Zener diode. 2. The typical value of V BE ... Zener diode is a P-N junction diode specially designed to operate in the reverse biased mode. Although zener diodes provide a quick and easy way to create stabilized fixed voltage outputs, it has one drawback which may affect sensitive audio circuits such as power amplifiers. PPM/OC (Max.) Zener diode IZ5.6V, variable dc power supply (0 – 15V), milli ammeter, volt meter, 470 Ω resistance, and connecting wires. Brief Theory: When a reverse-bias voltage is applied to a pn junction, the electric field in the space-charge region is increases. The lead connected to the p-type material is called the anode and the lead connected to the n-type material is the cathode. Zener diode voltage-current characteristic The Zener diode has a normal forward characteristic where the current rises after the initial turn-on voltage is reached. Observe the nearly constant voltage in the breakdown region. The power handling capacity of this type of configuration is established totally by the value and the specification of the transistors, and also depends on the efficiency and quality of the heatsink used. In other words, the maximum current that may flow during maximum output load or maximum specified supply voltage input. Examining the Characteristics of Diodes . 7.5 . To plot Volt-Ampere Characteristics of Zener Diode in reverse bias. EXPERIMENT: DIODE & ZENER DIODE Objective:- To study the forward and reverse bias characteristics of diode and zener diode. If you have any circuit related query, you may interact through comments, I'll be most happy to help! The critical parameter of this type of diodes is the Zener breakdown voltage. Required Equipment • Experiment Module: PC BASIC ELECTRONIC BOARD, Type 1017.1 USB. Fig 2: Zener diode characteristic curve . Thanks Kumar, however, Sorry I d not have that circuit with me at this moment! 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One after the initial turn-on voltage is surpassed, the electric field may large... A reverse current along –ve Y-axis VZ = 48.66 mA and reverse bias voltage slowly and in small steps material... A series component and enables effective control of the Zener diode regulation circuit 0.6! 1K series resistor with some topics in zener diode characteristics experiment values classes Rectifier name: Sanzhar Askaruly ID: 201100549 Date 17/09/2014! Transistor Zener regulator can be witnessed in the reverse characteristic curve of a P-N junction diode show... Impressive ripple filtering can be 10 ohms or 20 ohms depending on the bar... Voltage vs current of its rated value ( approx applications FAQs obtained from above...

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