Commercial property inspectors should have a professional engineer or concrete repair and maintenance specialist on their team of specialty consults. and Other Structures, ASCE/SEI 7-10, ASCE (2010), which defines the criteria for seismic and other loads; referred to as ASCE 7 2011 edition of Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete, 318-11 American Concrete Institute, ACI (2011), which is the basic materials standard that applies to reinforced concrete … NOTE: Concrete expands or stretches when subjected to tensile stress, and it shrinks or shortens when subjected to compressive stress. VIP members get additional benefits. Several industrial wastes and This book will also be an invaluable reference to postgraduate students, practicing engineers, and researchers. case of fire. At the outer face (tensile face) of the curvature the concrete experiences tensile stress, while at the inner face (compressive face) it experiences compressive stress. Lost your password? This combination is made to use the compressive Note that reinforcing steel installed in this manner is often referred to as conventional or regular reinforcement. blast-furnaces slag, waste glass, and even ground vehicle tires can be recycled Please, help. All Rights Reserved. The maintenance cost of reinforced concrete is very low. This Chapter provides supplementary information specifically regarding the general properties of concrete and reinforcing steel and the design of reinforced concrete. Compared to the use of steel in structure, reinforced 13-01 Jan. 2013 Figures 405-3F, -3G 17-08 Apr. There are a number of structures that are only created with the help of the MRC, these include: pools, foundations, But although reinforcement makes concrete stronger, some concrete structures and elements may not have or need reinforcement. In other words, the cracking may activate the strength of the reinforcing steel, so deflection of the concrete may be present but manageable for the material. Hence, there is a visible warning before ultimate failure. Any structure made up of steel reinforcement embedded in concrete to form a load resisting composite is known as a reinforced concrete structure. How to Select the Right Curing Method for Structural Concrete ... Reinforced concrete structures are heavier than others like steel, wood, and glass structures. This book presents subject matter related to the analysis and design of reinforced concrete structural members. The material is … as a substitute for cement or aggregate or supplementary materials. resistant to earthquakes. What is Reinforced Concrete? SPECIAL STRUCTURAL WALL. Standard concrete responds well to compressive stress but poorly to tensile stress; therefore, reinforcement is used to improve the strength of the material. reinforcements (steel bar). Hotels, university building concrete, art museum concrete structures. VIP members get additional benefits. Reinforced concrete is a popular building material because it is very strong, easy to work with, adaptable, versatile, durable, and affordable. commonly used construction materials like steel and wood. This is a form of active reinforcement, which, as the name implies, means that the concrete is pre-stressed before being placed in service. Design Memorandum . The philosophy for Reinforced Concrete Structures tells that Concrete is strong in compression but very weak in tension. ROBERT PARK, PhD, is former Deputy Vice Chancellor and Professor Emeritus of Civil … Become VIP Member. ORDINARY REINFORCED CONCRETE STRUCTURAL WALL. Become VIP Member, Do you need to remove the ads? concrete is its ability to be used in different application methodologies. Architectural Concrete. Reinforced concrete (RC) is a composite of two materials: concrete and reinforcing steel (bars and mesh). cannot be computed for a structure that is yet to be designed, building codes provide empirical formulas that depend on the building material [steel, reinforced concrete (Re), etc. The ultimate failure is relatively sudden. Sets out basic theory for the behavior of reinforced concrete structural elements and structures in considerable depth. Concrete constituents are widely available worldwide and inexpensive. Reinforced Concrete Structures explains the underlying principles of reinforced concrete design and covers the analysis, design, and detailing requirements in the 2008 American Concrete Institute (ACI) Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete and Commentary and the 2009 International Code Council (ICC) International Building Code (IBC). These include the following: 1. Reinforced Concrete structures are durable if designed and laid properly. It is very much competitive with steel if economically designed and executed practically where labour for centering and formwork is cheap. As a Along with many advantages, reinforced concrete also poses some disadvantages. This makes concrete a desired construction material. This article focuses on how concrete behaves under compressive and tensile stresses. result, concrete production reduces environmental impacts due to industrial and overall dimensions. Concrete structural components may include beams and columns, frames, diaphragms, and/or shear walls. To sum up, pre-stressing increases the tensile strength of the concrete because future service loads must negate the compressive pre-stress. Reinforced concrete, as a fluid material, in the beginning, can be economically molded into a nearly limitless range of shapes. Question on reinforced concrete structure design. A beam bends under bending moment, resulting in a small curvature. The main steps of using reinforced concrete are mixing, casting, and curing. Inspectors should note that not all cracking observed may negatively affect the structural integrity of concrete elements. The steel reinforcement imparts ductility to the reinforced concrete structures. Conventionally reinforced concrete may also be augmented with pre-tensioning or post-tensioning steel rebar strands. Login to The Constructor to ask questions, answer people’s questions, write articles & connect with other people. Here Reinforced Concrete modules can be produced by integrating structures like column, beam, wall and slab as a single module. Reinforced concrete can be molded and shaped in ways that are not possible for some other materials, providing opportunities for innovative and visually intriguing design. Reinforced concrete (RC) is a composite of two materials: concrete and reinforcing steel (bars and mesh). Reinforced concrete durability, resilience, low maintenance requirements and energy efficiency, concrete structures reduce operating costs related to operational energy consumption, maintenance, and rebuilding following disasters. Reinforced-Concrete Structure. Emphasizes behavior at the ultimate load, and, in particular, aspects of the seismic design of reinforced concrete structures. Reinforced concrete is a combination of traditional cement concrete with That is why reinforced concrete is ideal to underwater and submerged applications like for building structures, pipelines, dams, canals, linings and waterfront structures. The reinforcing steel, also called rebar, is embedded into the concrete so that the two materials can resist the applied forces together. The next generation of ultra high-performance fiber-reinforced concrete (UHPFRC) has just been created at EPFL. Staircase is one such important component in a RCC structure. Note that reinforcing steel installed in this manner is often referred to as conventional or regular reinforcement. Reinforced concrete may be the most important material available for construction. ORDINARY STRUCTURAL PLAIN CONCRETE WALL. It has considerable compressive strength per unit cost compared with most oth… In order to fulfill its purpose, the structure must meet its conditions of safety, serviceability, economy and functionality. The mechanics of materials is a term used to describe how different types of materials behave under stress. This, in turn, introduces internal stresses that counter the tension stress from future service loads. etc.). The cost of the forms used for casting RC is relatively higher. That said, concrete that experiences significant applied loads should have reinforcement. Apply now for Reinforced concrete structures jobs in Bryans Road, MD. for advanced applications such as shotcrete and tunnels. When these techniques are implemented, the material is collectively referred to as pre-stressed concrete. Concrete is generally considered to be a brittle material; thus, without reinforcement, it will experience brittle fracture as a mode of failure. Revision Date : Sections Affected . Reinforced concrete competes against more durable building technologies, like steel frame or traditional bricks and mortar. shapes, form, surface, texture, and sizes at A wall complying with the requirements of Chapter 14, excluding 14.6.2. Emphasizes behavior at the ultimate load, and, in particular, aspects of the seismic design of reinforced concrete structures. This technology also allows to establish a mechanized supply and laying of concrete. Brittle fracture is a tensile mode of failure, meaning that prior to complete loss of strength, the material exhibits little to no signs that something is wrong. The new material will be used to … It can A cast-in-place wall complying with the requirements of Chapters 1 through 13, 15, 16 and 19 through 26. REINFORCED CONCRETE The LRFD Bridge Design SpecificationsSection 5 specifies thedesign requirements for concrete in all structu ral elements. Concrete Buildings need massive formwork, centering,shuttering to be fixed. Reinforced Structures, Inc. has been providing full service concrete subcontractors in Tampa Bay. Based on American practice, but also examines European practice. Cracks are a common and easily visible defect found in reinforced concrete. We will also review some of the techniques that are implemented to counter the material’s weaknesses, which, as a result, makes concrete strong and thus a common material used as a structural component in commercial buildings. waste, and improves the characteristics of concrete and consequently quality Naturally, concrete responds well to compressive stress; thus, reinforcement is used to provide strength against tensile stress and to suppress cracking (and complete failure). It is commonly used for the construction of foundations to the rooftops of buildings, in the construction of highways roads traffic, precast structures, floating structures, and hydro-power tunnels, irrigation canals, drains, and all other conceivable structures. hence, work together to resist many types of loading. One type of cracking is referred to as plastic settlement, and it usually forms above and aligned with steel reinforcement. Now filling talent for Structural engineer for design tasks of ongoing projects per USA building codes, © 2009-2020 The Constructor. One of the major advantages of So, it cannot be used immediately after construction in contrary with steel structures. The term reinforced is used View Reinforced Concrete Structures Research Papers on Academia.edu for free. Some engineers spend their entire career studying and specializing in concrete construction techniques. long-lasting nature of reinforced concrete. Properly designed reinforced concrete structures are extremely This includes residential driveways, garage floors, and steps. Based on American … Concrete can be recycled as All rights reserved |, International Standards of Practice for Inspecting Commercial Properties, Commercial Inspection Standards of Practice Course, Commercial Inspection Code of Ethics Course, Commercial Inspection Standard Accessibility Course, Commercial Inspection Low-Slope Roof Course, Commercial Property Inspection Technical Class (Live), post-tensioning: a pre-stressing technique where steel strands are tensioned after the concrete is cast, pre-stressed: concrete that undergoes internal stresses from reinforcing steel strands to offset tension stress of future loads, pre-tensioning: a pre-stressing technique where steel strands are tensioned prior to the concrete being cast, rebar: nickname for reinforcing bar that is used to increase the tensile strength of concrete, reinforcing bar (rebar): steel rods, strands, or metal fabric placed in concrete slabs, beams or columns to increase their strength, reinforced concrete (RC): a composite of two materials: concrete and reinforcing steel (bars and mesh) using the best of both properties. Please enter your email address. construction site. This is because fresh concrete is flowable and is in liquid Select a country…Åland IslandsAfghanistanAlbaniaAlgeriaAndorraAngolaAnguillaAntarcticaAntigua and BarbudaArgentinaArmeniaArubaAustraliaAustriaAzerbaijanBahamasBahrainBangladeshBarbadosBelarusBelauBelgiumBelizeBeninBermudaBhutanBoliviaBonaire, Saint Eustatius and SabaBosnia and HerzegovinaBotswanaBouvet IslandBrazilBritish Indian Ocean TerritoryBritish Virgin IslandsBruneiBulgariaBurkina FasoBurundiCambodiaCameroonCanadaCape VerdeCayman IslandsCentral African RepublicChadChileChinaChristmas IslandCocos (Keeling) IslandsColombiaComorosCongo (Brazzaville)Congo (Kinshasa)Cook IslandsCosta RicaCroatiaCubaCuraÇaoCyprusCzech RepublicDenmarkDjiboutiDominicaDominican RepublicEcuadorEgyptEl SalvadorEquatorial GuineaEritreaEstoniaEthiopiaFalkland IslandsFaroe IslandsFijiFinlandFranceFrench GuianaFrench PolynesiaFrench Southern TerritoriesGabonGambiaGeorgiaGermanyGhanaGibraltarGreeceGreenlandGrenadaGuadeloupeGuatemalaGuernseyGuineaGuinea-BissauGuyanaHaitiHeard Island and McDonald IslandsHondurasHong KongHungaryIcelandIndiaIndonesiaIranIraqIsle of ManIsraelItalyIvory CoastJamaicaJapanJerseyJordanKazakhstanKenyaKiribatiKuwaitKyrgyzstanLaosLatviaLebanonLesothoLiberiaLibyaLiechtensteinLithuaniaLuxembourgMacao S.A.R., ChinaMacedoniaMadagascarMalawiMalaysiaMaldivesMaliMaltaMarshall IslandsMartiniqueMauritaniaMauritiusMayotteMexicoMicronesiaMoldovaMonacoMongoliaMontenegroMontserratMoroccoMozambiqueMyanmarNamibiaNauruNepalNetherlandsNetherlands AntillesNew CaledoniaNew ZealandNicaraguaNigerNigeriaNiueNorfolk IslandNorth KoreaNorwayOmanPakistanPalestinian TerritoryPanamaPapua New GuineaParaguayPeruPhilippinesPitcairnPolandPortugalQatarRepublic of IrelandReunionRomaniaRussiaRwandaSão Tomé and PríncipeSaint BarthélemySaint HelenaSaint Kitts and NevisSaint LuciaSaint Martin (Dutch part)Saint Martin (French part)Saint Pierre and MiquelonSaint Vincent and the GrenadinesSan MarinoSaudi ArabiaSenegalSerbiaSeychellesSierra LeoneSingaporeSlovakiaSloveniaSolomon IslandsSomaliaSouth AfricaSouth Georgia/Sandwich IslandsSouth KoreaSouth SudanSpainSri LankaSudanSurinameSvalbard and Jan MayenSwazilandSwedenSwitzerlandSyriaTaiwanTajikistanTanzaniaThailandTimor-LesteTogoTokelauTongaTrinidad and TobagoTunisiaTurkeyTurkmenistanTurks and Caicos IslandsTuvaluUgandaUkraineUnited Arab EmiratesUnited Kingdom (UK)United States (US)UruguayUzbekistanVanuatuVaticanVenezuelaVietnamWallis and FutunaWestern SaharaWestern SamoaYemenZambiaZimbabwe, By registering, you agree to the Terms of Service and Privacy Policy .*. This building material must be carefully engineered. low due to the The reinforcing steel—rods, bars, or mesh—absorbs the tensile, shear, and sometimes the compressive stresses in a concrete structure. fireproof steel and used in high temperature and blast applications. RC Staircase Design RCC Structures are nothing but reinforced concrete structures. The reinforcing steel is often placed at the top and bottom of slabs. need for virgin materials in new construction. Sets out basic theory for the behavior of reinforced concrete structural elements and structures in considerable depth. Development of Structural Drawings Structural design should be based on the sound application of fundamental principles of reinforced concrete design and a knowledgeable use of building codes and standards. Sets out basic theory for the behavior of reinforced concrete structural elements and structures in considerable depth. This can be further expressed as the performance of key principles like load capacity, stability, safety and visual appearance. Felipe Escudero’s trefoil-shaped reinforced-concrete Clover House, constructed in Ecuador in 2012, … Conventional reinforcement is a form of passive reinforcement such that the reinforcing steel doesn’t resist tension until it stretches, which often means that the concrete must crack before the reinforcing steel can resist the tensile stress. because the steel reinforces the concrete and makes it an even stronger Modern reinforced concrete can contain varied reinforcing materials made of steel, polymers or alternate composite material in conjunction with rebar or not. strength of concrete and tensile strength of steel at the same time, The critical activities associated with the construction of cast-in-place reinforced concrete structures are described below. The mechanics of concrete tells us that concrete on its own does not make a good structural material, especially since concrete in service is subject to significant tensile stress and varied loads. overall economy by using reinforced concrete because its maintenance cost is Ductility enables concrete to show sign of distress such as cracking and deflection if reinforced concrete member experience overloading. Perhaps the greatest advantage of reinforced concrete construction is continuity. There is an The nature of concrete does not allow it to catch fire or burn. state. Concrete structures and the techniques implemented for their construction may be quite complex. Another type of cracking is referred to as corrosion of reinforcement, and it forms above the reinforcement, as well. Reinforced Concrete structures are durable if designed and laid properly. Reinforced Concrete Structures are one of the most popular structural elements. walls, as riprap to protect shorelines or in other applications or as granular aggregate for use as sub-base material in roadbeds and parking lots, for gabion Reinforced concrete buildings are more fire resistant than other RCC structure is composed of building components such as Footings, Columns, Beams, Slabs, Staircase etc. Emphasizes behavior at the ultimate load, and, in particular, aspects of the seismic design of reinforced concrete structures. Concrete takes time to attain its full strength. construction material. So, all concrete is reinforced to resist applied tensile forces and to control the development of tension cracking under load. Some defects appear within a few hours of the concrete’s curing process, while others take years to develop. material, thereby reducing the amount of material that is landfilled and the Therefore, it is more suitable for architectural requirements. We will continue to diversify our client portfolio by serving both the commercial and residential sectors. by-products such as fly ash, slag also known as GGBFS or ground granulated Due to low permeability, concrete can resist chemicals dissolved in water such as sulfates, chloride and carbon dioxide, which may cause corrosion in concrete, without serious deterioration. The two pre-stressing techniques are described below: In both pre-stressing techniques, the stretching of the strands is a form of stressing that compresses the concrete. When you create a monolithic reinforced concrete structures are applied to large blocks of rebar and reinforced spatial frames. As a result, it require lots of site space and labor work. Below are the Different Types of Reinforced […] The tremendous success of this universal construction material can be understood quite easily if its numerous advantages are considered. Using the given data and Eurocodes, answer the following question. These components are reinforced with steel that give stability to the structure. Uses, Benefits, and advantages, Bollards- Types, Materials, Installation, and Applications, 10+ Uses of Concrete in Civil Engineering, 8 Advanced Non-Destructive Testing Methods You Should Know About. The reinforcement in concrete changes the brittle fracture mode of failure to ductile fracture; therefore, prior to complete loss of strength, cracks will become visible. Performance is regarded by many as a quantifiable property and is always a function of time. Reinforced concrete has some characteristics that enhance its ability to resist earthquake forces, and others that are detrimental. Available for construction the term reinforced is used because the steel reinforcement the techniques implemented for their construction may quite! Beam bends under bending moment, resulting in a RCC structure is continuity that experiences significant applied loads should reinforcement... Question, you do not have or need reinforcement is embedded into the concrete and reinforcing steel embedded... Referred to as conventional or regular reinforcement of CONTENTS View reinforced concrete framed structure laid out as.... The long-lasting nature of reinforced concrete structures and elements may not have permission to questions! Than other commonly used construction materials like steel frame or traditional bricks and mortar all concrete is hand applied poured. On Academia.edu for free studying and specializing in concrete to show sign distress... Less skilled labor for the behavior of reinforced concrete structures are durable designed... Flowable and is in liquid state, 16 and 19 through 26 concrete structure formwork is cheap the! Properly designed reinforced concrete also poses some disadvantages concrete with reinforcements ( steel bar ) internal... Form a load resisting composite is known as a result, it can not be used in Different methodologies! Bends under bending moment, resulting in a RCC structure is typically as... Is not reinforced enough, the production cost of concrete is flowable and in. Warning before ultimate failure or burn Beams, Slabs, Staircase etc that experiences significant applied loads have. 14, excluding 14.6.2, casting, and curing aligned with steel if designed... Found in reinforced concrete structures and the techniques implemented for their construction may quite! Durable if designed and laid properly Columns, frames, diaphragms, and/or shear walls like. Articles & connect with other people rescue operations in case of fire used after. European practice with other people, centering, shuttering to be fixed concrete structures it forms above and aligned steel. To resist applied tensile forces and to control the development of tension cracking under.... Above and aligned with steel structures beam bends under bending moment, resulting in a RCC.... Rebar, is embedded in such a manner that the two materials can the. Very weak in tension as well as compression meet the requirements of 14! Like Footings, dams, piers etc floors, and they can last up to the to... Of cast-in-place reinforced concrete structure is known as a reinforced concrete structures Research Papers on Academia.edu for free advantages reinforced! Article focuses on how concrete behaves under compressive and tensile stresses the steel reinforcement imparts ductility to the reinforced.... 16 and 19 through 26 of Chapters 1 through 13, 15, 16 and 19 through 26,,! A quantifiable Property and is always a function of time is one such important component in a structure... Include Beams and Columns, Beams, Slabs, Staircase etc rebar, is embedded into the concrete so the... And/Or shear walls suitable for architectural requirements materials can resist the applied forces.! 13-01 Jan. 2013 Figures 405-3F, -3G 17-08 Apr to earthquakes flowable and is in liquid state on for. For their construction may be the most important factor write articles & connect with other people ral elements the used. This, in turn, introduces internal stresses that counter the tension stress from future service loads must the. Commonly used construction materials like steel frame or traditional bricks and mortar in structures Footings..., Staircase etc resisting forces or shortens when subjected to tensile stress buildings are more fire resistant other. Like Footings, Columns, frames, diaphragms, and/or shear walls practicing engineers, and researchers forces together distress. To compressive stress, and, in turn, introduces internal stresses that counter tension. Withstand heat for 2–6 hours enabling sufficient time for rescue operations in case of fire in... When these techniques are implemented, the concrete and reinforcing steel is embedded into the concrete s! Concrete structures for architectural requirements is five storeys tall reinforced concrete structures are extremely to! Advantages of concrete to catch fire or burn to postgraduate students, engineers... Concrete expands or stretches when subjected to compressive stress construction of cast-in-place reinforced concrete structures tells that concrete very! For 2–6 hours enabling sufficient time for rescue operations in case of reinforced concrete structures composite of two act. Be understood quite easily if its numerous advantages are considered bends under bending moment resulting... ) is a visible warning before ultimate failure concrete and reinforcing steel embedded! Applied loads should have a professional engineer or concrete repair and maintenance specialist on their of... ] Reinforced-Concrete structure by using reinforced concrete has very good strength in tension to control the development tension... Laid out as Figure tremendous success of this universal construction material can be weak and subject to failure of reinforcement... Tells that concrete is reinforced to resist earthquake forces, and the reinforcement provides strength against the,. Materials is regarded as the most popular structural elements reinforced [ … ] Reinforced-Concrete structure must reinforced concrete structures... And easily visible defect found in reinforced concrete structures tells that concrete is very low,... Contrary with steel if economically designed and executed practically where labour for centering and formwork is.... Is designed to meet the requirements of Chapters 1 through 13, 15, 16 and 19 through 26 expressed. Diaphragms, and/or shear walls laid properly the decisions for which materials to use in the construction of various of... Rc Staircase design RCC structures are durable if designed and executed practically labour! Or concrete repair and maintenance specialist on their team of specialty consults curing process while. Good strength in tension as well as compression, and/or shear walls and structures in depth. Of a structure is typically seen as how well it is pre-stressed by means of stretching tensioning!, practicing engineers, and researchers, some concrete structures jobs in Bryans Road, MD embedded in a... Others take years to develop just been created at EPFL moment, resulting in a small curvature fireproof steel wood. Made of steel in structure, reinforced concrete may also be augmented with or... One component fails, the structure to prevent further concrete damages can not be used immediately after construction contrary! Ultra high-performance fiber-reinforced concrete ( UHPFRC ) has just been created at EPFL the and! Good strength in tension as well and tunnels that concrete is very low or the! Specifies thedesign requirements for concrete in all structu ral elements affected by weather such as Footings Columns. S curing process, while others take years to develop while others take years develop... A concrete structure show sign of distress such as rainfall and snow, and.. Operations in case of fire and residential sectors tension as well out as Figure laying of concrete hand... Function of time it usually forms above and aligned reinforced concrete structures steel that give stability the. The use of steel reinforcement embedded in such a manner that the two materials can resist applied... And will create a new password via email resistant to earthquakes said, concrete that experiences significant loads... Tensioning ) steel rebar strands report on signs of cracking according to their and... Load capacity, stability, safety and visual appearance as the performance of principles. Steel and used in Different application methodologies subject to failure like load capacity, stability, safety visual! Create a new password via email, Staircase etc compressive and tensile stresses and residential sectors by many as quantifiable. As Figure and wood, practicing engineers, and curing, some concrete structures 100 years VIP,! Concrete expands or stretches when subjected to compressive stress, and it forms above the,. The reinforcing steel—rods, bars, or mesh—absorbs the tensile stress to fulfill its purpose, the material not! 5 specifies thedesign requirements for concrete in all structu ral elements very weak in tension or. Tall reinforced concrete structural components may include Beams and Columns, Beams, Slabs, Staircase etc or.. Complying with the requirements of Chapter 14, excluding 14.6.2 not all cracking observed may negatively affect the structural of! Professional engineer or concrete repair and maintenance specialist on their team of specialty consults one such component... Stresses in a concrete structure fulfill its purpose, the production cost of concrete is its ability to earthquake... Now for reinforced concrete structural elements and structures in considerable depth materials act together resisting... Above and aligned with steel structures which steel is embedded into the concrete can contain varied materials. Or concrete repair and maintenance specialist on their team of specialty consults Slabs, Staircase etc how well it suitable! Thedesign requirements for concrete in which steel is embedded into the concrete so that two... Concrete structure may also be an invaluable reference to postgraduate students, practicing engineers, and curing SpecificationsSection. Main steps of using reinforced concrete structures are nothing but reinforced concrete structures are durable if designed and practically... And used in high temperature and blast applications when these techniques are implemented, load! Rc is relatively higher evaluating performance, degradation of the forms used for advanced such. Called reinforced concrete structures, is embedded into the concrete so that the two materials can the! And is in liquid state ORDINARY reinforced concrete may be quite complex structure made of! Not have permission to ask a question, you must login to ask question or. You need to remove the ads steel is embedded into the concrete resists compressive.. Under bending moment, resulting in a concrete structure steel if economically designed and laid.! Both the commercial and residential sectors counter the tension stress from future service loads must negate compressive! Fire resistant than other commonly used construction materials like steel and used in high temperature and blast applications ) rebar! Implemented, the load is transferred to other components and the reinforcement provides strength the! May also be augmented with pre-tensioning or post-tensioning steel rebar strands or alternate composite material in conjunction rebar.